• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System and method of protection against inter-turn faults in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation based on the comparison of the measured excitation current with the theoretical excitation current calculated for that operating point from the voltage measurements and current in the armature. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2682062A1
    申请号:ES201731347
    申请日:2017-11-22
    公开日:2018-09-18
    发明作者:Carlos Antonio Platero Gaona；Miguel Ángel PARDO VICENTE；Emilio Rebollo López；Ricardo Granizo Arrabé
    申请人:Universidad Politecnica de Madrid；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

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    DESCRIPTION
    System and method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation.
    Object of the invention
    The present invention aims to develop a new protection for failures between turns in the excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation capable of detecting this type of defects with the machine running.
    A clear application is the electric power generation systems, in which synchronous generators are used. With the system object of the present invention it is intended to detect the defect between turns in excitation windings in machines with static excitation.
    Technical problem to be solved and Background of the invention
    Every electrical installation must be equipped with protection systems that make it safe against possible short circuits and other defects that may cause damage to the facilities themselves as well as to people.
    In the case of generation groups, these protections must also guarantee the supply of energy to the network as reliably as possible, trying to discriminate the severity levels of the failures that occur.
    One of the possible defects that can occur in synchronous machines, is the lack between turns in the excitation windings.
    The excitation windings are fed by direct current. The defect between turns in these windings may not be dangerous, admitting in some machines a certain percentage of turns in short circuit. For the detection of this type of defects.
    Therefore it is usually usual practice to perform tests on the excitation windings when with the machines stopped.
    One of the most used methods is known as pole balance (Pole drop testing). This test consists of feeding the excitation winding with a certain voltage and checking the voltage at each of the poles that make up the winding. If any of the measured voltages is lower than the rest of the poles, this indicates that there is a defect between turns in the corresponding pole. Normally this test is performed with an AC voltage source, although it also works in direct current.
    Another method is the application of a voltage wave with many frequencies, and an analysis of the frequency response of the winding. It can be done with a square wave (Dirac delta type) or with a sine wave where the frequency is varied. To assess whether the winding is defective or does not compare the test result with another test under normal conditions without defect. Another possibility is to perform the pole-to-pole test and compare them, if any pole has a different frequency response, it indicates that it has a defect.
    All these methods need the machine to be out of order to verify if there is a defect between turns in the excitation winding.
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    In addition, a series of patents related to the invention should be taken into account:
    PCT / US2010 / 021948 (25.01.2010) ES2426970 T3 (28.10.2013) General Electric Company (100.0%) ROBUST ON LINE STATOR TURN FAULT IDENTIFICATION SYSTEM.
    P201431921 (23.12.2014) ES2534950 A1 (04/30/2015) POLYTECH UNIVERSITY OF
    MADRID (100.0%) System and method of protection against faults between turns in synchronous machines
    Description of the invention
    In order to provide a solution to the aforementioned problem, the following System and Method of protection against faults (short circuits) between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation is presented.
    The system and method objects of the invention offer protection for synchronous static excitation electric machines that detect defects between turns of the excitation windings.
    The magnetomotive force created by the excitation winding of a synchronous machine is the product of the number of turns and the current flowing through the winding.
    The principle of operation of this protection is based on the fact that in the case of short circuit between turns in the excitation winding, to produce the same magnetomotive force it is necessary to circulate more current. Therefore, in the event of a fault between turns for certain operating conditions the excitation current must increase proportionally to the number of turns in short circuit.
    The fault protection system between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation includes:
    - at least one excitation current sensor, connected to the excitation winding of the synchronous machine;
    - at least one armature current meter, connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine;
    - at least one armature voltage meter, connected to said armature winding phase of the synchronous machine;
    - a calculation module, connected to said at least one armature current meter and said at least one armature voltage meter, where the calculation module is configured to calculate a theoretical excitation current based on at least one measurement of armature current and at least one measurement of armature voltage;
    - a comparator module, connected to said at least one excitation current sensor and to the calculation module, where the comparator module is configured to:
    or make a comparison between at least one measurement of excitation current and theoretical excitation current multiplied by a given coefficient, and;
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    or send a trigger signal to a protection device, if it is detected that the measurement of excitation current is greater than the theoretical excitation current multiplied by the said coefficient.
    Preferably, the fault protection system between turns includes a timer connected to the comparator module. The timer is set to delay, for a predetermined time interval, the sending of the trigger signal to the protection device.
    According to a possible embodiment of the invention, the protection system against failures between turns includes three armature current meters, each respectively connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine. Likewise, according to this embodiment of the invention, the protection system against failures between turns includes three armature voltage meters, each respectively connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine.
    According to another embodiment of the invention, the protection system against failures between turns includes two armature current meters, each respectively connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine, and two armature voltage meters, each respectively connected to the mentioned phases of the armature winding phase of the synchronous machine.
    According to one aspect of the invention, each armature current meter comprises a current transformer.
    Also according to one aspect of the invention, each armature voltage meter comprises a voltage transformer.
    As already mentioned, the present invention also relates to a method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation.
    The method of protection against faults between turns, object of the present invention, comprises:
    - carry out at least one measurement of excitation current in the excitation winding of a synchronous machine;
    - carrying out at least one measurement of armature current in at least one phase of the armature winding of said synchronous machine;
    - carry out at least one measurement of armature voltage in said phase of armature winding of a synchronous machine;
    - carry out a calculation of a theoretical excitation current based on said at least one measurement of armature current and said at least one measurement of armature voltage;
    - multiply the calculated theoretical excitation current by a certain coefficient,
    "K";
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    make a comparison between the measurement of excitation current and the calculated theoretical excitation current, multiplied by the said coefficient "k";
    - sending a trigger signal to a protection device if it is detected that the value of the excitation current measurement is greater than the calculated theoretical excitation current, multiplied by the said coefficient "k".
    Preferably, the method of protection against failures between turns comprises delaying the sending of the trigger signal to the protection device, for a certain period of time. This is done in order to avoid spurious shots. In this way, if after the aforementioned determined time interval, it is detected that the value of the excitation current measurement is still greater than the calculated theoretical excitation current, multiplied by the coefficient, "k", the trip signal is sent to the protection device.
    According to a first embodiment of the method of protection against failures between turns, the method comprises carrying out at least one measurement of armature current in each of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine, and; carry out at least one measurement of armature voltage in each of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine.
    According to another embodiment of the method of protection against failures between turns, the method comprises carrying out at least one measurement of armature current in any two phases (any) of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine, and; carry out at least one measurement of armature voltage in said two of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine.
    Brief description of the figures
    To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where illustrative and non-limiting nature has been represented. next.
    Figure 1: shows a diagram of a first embodiment of the protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation.
    Figure 2: shows a diagram of a second embodiment of the protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation.
    Detailed description
    The present invention relates, as already mentioned above, to a System and Method of protection against faults (short circuits) between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation.
    The system for protection against faults between turns includes an excitation current sensor (6), for obtaining excitation current measurements (13). The excitation current sensor (6) is connected to the excitation winding (3) of a synchronous machine (1). The output of said excitation current sensor (6) is the measurement of excitation current (13).
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    The fault protection system between turns includes at least one armature current meter (4), for obtaining armature current measurements (7, 8, 9). Each armature current meter (4) is connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1). The output of each armature current meter (4) is the measurement of armature current (7, 8, 9).
    Additionally, the protection system against failures between turns includes at least one armature voltage meter (5), for obtaining armature voltage measurements (10, 11, 12). Each armature voltage meter (5) is connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1). The output of each armature voltage meter (5) is the measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12).
    The fault protection system between turns includes a calculation module (14). The outputs of each armature current meter (4) and each armature voltage meter (5) are connected to the input of said calculation module (14).
    The calculation module (14) is configured to calculate, according to the armature current measurements (7, 8, 9) and according to the armature voltage measurements (10, 11, 12), the excitation current theoretical (15) that should circulate through the excitation winding (3). Therefore, the output of said calculation module (14) is the theoretical excitation current (15) calculated.
    The calculation of the theoretical excitation current (15) is based on an equivalent model of the synchronous machine (1).
    Various equivalent models of the synchronous machine (1) can be used.
    If the measurement of the excitation current (13), measured by the excitation current sensor (6), is considerably higher than the calculated theoretical excitation current (15), it can be concluded that there is a defect (short circuit) between the turns in the excitation winding (3).
    Under normal conditions, it is assumed and admitted that in a synchronous machine (1) there may be a certain number of turns in short circuit in the excitation winding (3). Therefore, it is relatively normal that the measurement of excitation current (13), measured by the excitation current sensor (6), is somewhat higher than a certain calculated theoretical excitation current (15).
    Preferably, the fault protection system between turns, object of the present invention, is configured to multiply the theoretical excitation current (15), calculated in the calculation module (14), by a coefficient "k" (16) This coefficient k (16) absorbs the effect of the increase of the excitation current caused by a certain number of turns in short circuit, in the excitation winding (3), which is considered admissible.
    The fault protection system between turns includes a comparator module (17).
    The output of the calculation module (14), previously multiplied by the coefficient k (16), is connected to an input of the comparator module (17).
    The output of the excitation current sensor (6) is connected to another input of the comparator module (17).
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    The comparator module (17) is configured to make the comparison between the measurement of excitation current (13) and the theoretical excitation current (15), calculated in the calculation module (14), multiplied by the coefficient k (16) .
    In this way, the trip threshold of a protection device (not shown) can be set based on a certain permissible number of short-circuited turns in the excitation winding (3). The protection device is configured to interrupt the power supply to the excitation winding (3) of the synchronous machine (1).
    Therefore, the fault protection system between turns is configured to send a trip signal (at the output of the comparator module (17)) to the protection device, if it detects that the measurement, of excitation current (13) , "B", taken by the excitation current sensor (6), is greater than the theoretical excitation current (15), calculated in the calculation module (14), multiplied by the coefficient k (16), "A "
    Preferably, the fault protection system between turns includes an adjustable timer (18) to avoid spurious shots. The timer is sandwiched between the comparator module (17) and the protection device. The output of the comparator module (17) is connected to an input of the timer (18).
    The timer (18) is configured to delay, for a predetermined period of time, the trigger signal to the protection device.
    If, after said predetermined period of time (TON), the comparator module (17) continues to detect that the measurement of excitation current (13), taken by the excitation current sensor (6), is greater than the excitation current Theoretical (15), calculated in the calculation module (14), multiplied by the coefficient k (16), the timer (18) lets the trigger signal (19) pass to the protection device.
    According to a possible implementation of the present protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines (1), the protection device is a relay.
    According to a first embodiment, the fault protection device between turns includes a first armature current meter (4) connected to a first phase "a" of the armature winding; a second armature current meter (4) connected to a second phase "b" of the armature winding, and; a third armature current meter (4) connected to a third phase "c" of the armature winding.
    According to this first embodiment, the device for protection against faults between turns preferably includes a first armature voltage meter (5) connected to the first phase "a" of the armature winding; a second armature voltage meter (5 ) connected to the second phase "b" of the armature winding, and; a third armature voltage meter (5) connected to the third phase "c" of the armature winding.
    According to a second embodiment, the protection device against failures between turns only includes an armature current meter (4) connected to a first phase "a" of the armature winding, and; only an armature voltage meter ( 5) connected to the first phase "a" of the armature winding. However, in this second embodiment, the current meter (4) and the voltage meter (5) can be connected to any of the armature winding phases.
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    Also, according to a possible embodiment (not shown), the fault protection system between turns includes two armature current meters (4) connected to any two phases of the armature winding and two armature voltage meters (5 ) connected to said armature winding phases.
    Preferably, each armature current meter (4) comprises a current transformer.
    Also, preferably, each armature voltage meter (5) comprises a voltage transformer.
    As mentioned, the present invention also relates to a method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation.
    The method of protection against faults between turns includes:
    - carry out at least one measurement of excitation current (13) in the excitation winding (3) of a synchronous machine (1);
    - performing at least one measurement of armature current (7, 8, 9) in at least one phase of the armature winding of said synchronous machine (1);
    - carrying out at least one measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12) in said phase of armature winding of a synchronous machine (1);
    - carry out a calculation of a theoretical excitation current (15) based on the at least one measurement of armature current (7, 8, 9) and at least one measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12) ;
    - multiply the theoretical excitation current (15) calculated by a coefficient, k (16);
    - make a comparison between the measurement of excitation current (13) and the calculated theoretical excitation current (15), multiplied by the coefficient, k (16);
    - send a trip signal (19) to a protection device if it is detected that the value of the excitation current measurement (13) is greater than the calculated theoretical excitation current (15), multiplied by the coefficient, k (16).
    Preferably, the method of protection against faults between turns involves delaying the sending of the trigger signal (19) to the protection device, during a certain time interval (TON), in order to avoid spurious shots. In this way, if after the aforementioned determined time interval (TON), it is detected that the value of the excitation current measurement (13) is still greater than the calculated theoretical excitation current (15), multiplied by the coefficient, k (16), the trip signal (19) is sent to the protection device.
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [1]
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    1. Protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation, characterized in that it comprises:
    - at least one excitation current sensor (6), connected to the excitation winding (3) of the synchronous machine (1);
    - at least one armature current meter (4), connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1);
    - at least one armature voltage meter (5), connected to said armature winding phase of the synchronous machine (1);
    - a calculation module (14), connected to at least one armature current meter (4) and at least one armature voltage meter (5), where the calculation module (14) is configured to calculate a current of theoretical excitation (15) as a function of at least one measurement of armature current (7, 8, 9) and at least one measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12);
    - a comparator module (17), connected to at least one excitation current sensor (6) and to the calculation module (14), where the comparator module (17) is configured to:
    or make a comparison between at least one measurement of excitation current (13) and theoretical excitation current (15) multiplied by a certain coefficient (16), and;
    or send a trip signal (19) to a protection device, if it is detected that the measurement of excitation current (13) is greater than the theoretical excitation current (15) multiplied by the said coefficient (16).
    [2]
    2. Protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a timer (18) connected to the comparator module (17), wherein the Timer (18) is configured to delay, for a predetermined time interval, the sending of the trigger signal (19) to the protection device.
    [3]
    3. Protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises three armature current meters (4), each respectively connected to one phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1), and three armature voltage meters (5), each respectively connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1).
    [4]
    4. Protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two armature current meters (4), each respectively connected to a phase of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1), and two armature voltage meters (5), each respectively connected to said phases of the armature winding phase of the synchronous machine (1).
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    [5]
    5. Protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of machines
    synchronous (1) with static excitation according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that each armature current meter (4) comprises a current transformer.
    [6]
    6. Protection system against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of machines
    synchronous (1) with static excitation according to any of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that each armature voltage meter (5) comprises a voltage transformer.
    [7]
    7. Method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation, characterized in that it comprises:
    - carry out at least one measurement of excitation current (13) in the excitation winding (3) of a synchronous machine (1);
    - carrying out at least one measurement of armature current (7, 8, 9) in at least one phase of the armature winding of said synchronous machine (1);
    - carrying out at least one measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12) in said phase of armature winding of a synchronous machine (1);
    - carry out a calculation of a theoretical excitation current (15) based on the at least one measurement of armature current (7, 8, 9) and at least one measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12) ;
    - multiply the theoretical excitation current (15) calculated by a coefficient (16);
    - make a comparison between the measurement of excitation current (13) and the theoretical excitation current (15) calculated, multiplied by the said coefficient (16);
    - sending a trigger signal (19) to a protection device if it is detected that the value of the excitation current measurement (13) is greater than the calculated theoretical excitation current (15), multiplied by the said coefficient ( 16).
    [8]
    8. Method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises delaying the sending of the trigger signal (19) to the protection device , during a certain time interval.
    [9]
    9. Method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation according to any of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises carrying out at least one measurement of armature current (7 , 8, 9) in each of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1), and; carry out at least one measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12) in each of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1).
    [10]
    10. Method of protection against faults between turns in excitation windings (3) of synchronous machines (1) with static excitation according to any of claims 7 or 8, characterized in that it comprises carrying out at least one measurement of armature current (7 , 8, 9) in two of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1), and; effect at
    minus a measurement of armature voltage (10, 11, 12) in said two of the three phases of the armature winding of the synchronous machine (1).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    CA3083125A1|2019-05-31|
    EP3716433A4|2021-01-06|
    ES2682062B2|2019-05-31|
    WO2019102055A1|2019-05-31|
    US20200335965A1|2020-10-22|
    EP3716433A1|2020-09-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    CN102135601A|2011-02-25|2011-07-27|华北电力大学（保定）|Magnetic field detection-based synchronous motor static excitation device fault diagnosis method|ES2838798A1|2020-12-23|2021-07-02|Univ Madrid Politecnica|SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PROTECTION AGAINST FAILURES BETWEEN SPIRES IN EXCITATION WINDINGS OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH INDIRECT BRUSHLESS EXCITATION |SU598174A1|1975-01-06|1978-03-15|Предприятие П/Я В-2015|Method of internal short-circuit protection of electric machine|
    US7411404B2|2006-12-08|2008-08-12|General Electric Company|Apparatus, system, and method for detecting an electrical short condition in a dynamoelectric machine|
    US7746038B2|2008-01-02|2010-06-29|Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation|System and method for suppressing DC link voltage buildup due to generator armature reaction|
    US8135551B2|2009-02-03|2012-03-13|General Electric Company|Robust on line stator turn fault identification system|
    GB201400701D0|2014-01-16|2014-03-05|Rolls Royce Plc|Fault detection in brushless exciters|
    US10288688B2|2014-07-24|2019-05-14|Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc.|Systems and methods for monitoring and protecting an electric power generator|
    ES2534950A1|2014-12-23|2015-04-30|Universidad Politécnica de Madrid|System and method of protection against inter-turn faults in synchronous machines |
    法律状态:
    2018-09-18| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2682062 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20180918 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201731347A|ES2682062B2|2017-11-22|2017-11-22|SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PROTECTION AGAINST FAULTS BETWEEN SPIRITS IN WINDINGS OF EXCITATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH STATIC EXCITATION|ES201731347A| ES2682062B2|2017-11-22|2017-11-22|SYSTEM AND METHOD OF PROTECTION AGAINST FAULTS BETWEEN SPIRITS IN WINDINGS OF EXCITATION OF SYNCHRONOUS MACHINES WITH STATIC EXCITATION|
    US16/765,925| US20200335965A1|2017-11-22|2018-11-22|System and Method for Protecting Against Faults Between Turns in Excitation Windings of Synchronous Machines with Static Excitation|
    CA3083125A| CA3083125A1|2017-11-22|2018-11-22|System and method for protecting against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation|
    PCT/ES2018/070754| WO2019102055A1|2017-11-22|2018-11-22|System and method for protecting against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation|
    EP18880314.2A| EP3716433A4|2017-11-22|2018-11-22|System and method for protecting against faults between turns in excitation windings of synchronous machines with static excitation|
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